Everyone likes to aquire a holiday not even close to the hubbub of lifetime. I here?s here to express to you that most of these companies really do not offer budget friendly rates, and I am about to give anyone 3 tips about tips on how to get the cheaper airline ticket possible which have been much inexpensive than any you will observe advertised!.
I am aware of, it feels like a undesirable plan, correct? Well, it can be true, the last-minute flyer really need to be at geld verdienen somewhat to a risk-taker. I?m undecided if it is because they think these are passing up on the price of one?s ticket spine, or if he or she think you may be cheating to them with one more airline tote. But if you suffer from a superb sense about adventure and at a minimum a gambling aspect, you could get some sugary deals by way of flying around the very very last minute.
Two models are actually Megatech?s MegaBlimp Combo and then the Megatech Occasion Blimp. The traveller is now able to save his excellent time and may well travel which has a great coziness. Many atmosphere plane travel operators have devised ones own sets about plans while offering and incorporated charm to the services by way of splendid vacation packages. Rhetorical blogger Alexander McLean observed, ?Airline sites are likewise good for seeking the lowest ticket prices.? He Whiting about Whiting Facilities and Greenback Metz about Metz Hackles, and the like.
. Miami is actually a quite astounding place. A present selection tourists from internationally get interested in the natural charm of Goa. It actually is no shock then the fact that Miami is this type of popular vacation destination. This method successful because you possibly can negotiate using the airlines and even sometimes cause them to become knock hundreds from the prices.
This Air travel has obtained world class, high conclude Airbus that was arranged to help bestow continuing flights and even enhanced provider. 91 figure apparently as anyone walk throughout. Car expenses ? Did you add the amount you have spent even before starting your journey? Yes, I mean the amount you have paid just to make sure your car is ready to withstand at least the 20 hours long ride which can cost you anther $100 to $110. Suggestions for Fly Inexpensive.
First off here is the skeleton for characters, I'll edit this post as I get characters.
Character Name:(avatar's name) Character Gender:(male/female) Race:(Human or beast. Please specify which tribe if beast) Class:(The World R:2 Classes. * Adept Rogue* Blade Brandier* Macabre Dancer* Edge Punisher* Flick Reaper* Harvest Cleric* Lord Partizan* Shadow Warlock* Steam Gunner* Tribal Grappler* Twin Blade) Character Appearance:(Appearance of avatar anything you can think of) Wave Symbol:(Glyphs on your character that shows their main element, generally i think this goes with personality type things)
Real Name:(players name) Real Gender(players gender) Age:(Players age) Bio:(players appearance and any other information you feel is relelvant)
If your confused on anything let me use my character as an example.
Character Name: Sul Character Gender: Male Race: Human Class: Adept Rogue(1 Edge Punisher, 1 Blade Brandier, 2 Tribal Grappler) Character Appearance: Sul isn't very heavily based on his real life appearance other then his face. Serious icey blue eyes are surrounded by sleepy circles and pointed features with a bit of stubble on his chin. The character has choppy looking hair that's usually in a fauxhawk and his ears have very small silver loop earrings for decoration. The clothing changes dependent on which form he has passed like all adept rogues.
1st From Edge Punisher: His chest bare other then a leather holster he gains some body paint in this form taking the shape of circles on his shoulders and one at the center of his chest with the vertical line through it going down, much of his lower abdominals are covered in tight bandaging and his neck has a white scarf on it. Dark Blue large hakama adorn his legs and for the majority of the time his feet are covered but if seen have simple tabi sandals and white socks. In this form Sul's entire left arm is covered in plate armor and he wears similar finger less gloves. His hair seems to get a little messier in this form. 2nd Form Blade Brandier: A high collar goes down to a black and navy striped shirt, similar striped sleeves go from his wrists up to his elbows and are belted tight. Finger less black gloves protect his hands and his sword sheath is hanging from the small of his back. Suspenders hang from his steeplejack style grey pants, puffing out quite a bit and tucked into black comfortable looking boots. Metal plates cover where laces would be on the shins and the very toes of the boots. A circle with a line cutting it vertically is etched into his metal plate of a belt buckle. In this form his hair changes slightly in the back gaining a ponytail wrapped in white cloth tight all the way down to the bottom of his neck where a bit of hair puffs out. 3rd Form Tribal Grappler: An eggwhite hooded vest clings to his body not wearing a shirt underneath exposes some of his pecks much like any V-neck shirt, the zipper is stylized and large as well as the teeth on the jacket. Long sleek black wristbands cover a bit of his forearms and his pants are reminiscent to a kung fu uniform. Bandage like wrappings criss cross from his shins down into high top shoes worn loosely on the character. The only decoration on him his the navy circle on his back which then has a vertical stripe going up even through the hood in a solid line. Wave Symbol: Two hollow hexagons on his cheeks under his eyes, and solid bands on his biceps.
Real Name: Derek Shepherd Real Gender Male Age: 20 Bio: Derek is slightly heavier then his character model but he is a martial artist as well. Generally Derek wears a zip up hoodie with the sleeves tucked up, wristbands, jeans, and converse. Derek goes to school online and lives alone, giving him a lot of time to play but he tries to train a lot to make up for it. He used to play R:1 of The World as a blade master with the same name as his current character, people may know him from that or his success in the Arena.
Applying for payday loans is easier than ever now that they are available online. These short term loans secured by your next paycheck have been around for years. Actually, the first payday loans were actually cash advances made by employers to their own employees, but that?s not too common these days. Check cashing stores got into the business of payday loans and over the years the business has grown tremendously. Naturally, in this difficult economy that is causing problems for so many people cash advance loans have become more interesting to more people than ever before.
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The Congress' woes seem endless. No sooner had the party experienced a resounding rebuff in the recent assembly elections than it had to gird its loins to face a series of unprecedented challenges from the Chief of the Army Staff, Gen. V.K. Singh.
If the party and the government thought that the Supreme Court's obiter dicta on the age row involving the general had ended the matter, they were sadly mistaken because the army chief was not about to go quietly into the sunset. Evidently, he does not believe that the military, like children, should be seen and not heard.
So, he has turned on its head all the restraint of his predecessors, who maintained the British tradition of wearing a stiff upper lip. Whether or not Gen. Singh's garrulity is the result of the ubiquitous, 24x7 news channels, which weren't there during the time of the earlier army chiefs, the fact remains that the succession of "revelations" made by him - the offer of a bribe to him or about the obsolescence stalking the armed services in a letter to the prime minister - have shown up the government's seeming incapacity to govern - a charge which has haunted it ever since it let former telecom minister Andimuthu Raja run amok.
This impression may have gained ground because of the perception that neither Prime Minister Manmohan Singh nor Defence Minister A.K. Antony is the most assertive of men. If the age row had to be handled by the judiciary - just as it did with the telecom scandal - the bribery charge remained under wraps till Gen. Singh referred to it in a newspaper interview. A proactive government would have acted much earlier.
Similarly, it would not have been seen to have neglected defence preparedness despite the defence minister's warning in 2010 against the possibility of the country having to wage a two-front war against two nuclear-armed enemies.
The government as well as the general may now express outrage over the leakage of the letter. But where the ordinary citizen is concerned, the real outrage will be over the apparent erosion of the nation's military strength despite a 17 percent hike in the defence budget, especially in view of frequent reports about China's flaunting of muscles on the northeastern border.
The disclosures about a weakened army were all the more embarrassing when the BRICS Summit was being held in New Delhi and Chinese President Hu Jintao was in town. The pride of holding a major international event was marred by the disconcerting leaks even if the VIP guests were impressed by the vibrancy of the Indian media.
Needless to say, the revelations were a godsend for the opposition, especially the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which has always projected itself as a champion of military strength and had unilaterally opted to showcase India's nuclear capability in 1998 as soon as it came to power at the centre. Now, all that it has said about the Congress' wimpishness has come true.
There is, therefore, little doubt that the Congress will be very much on the back foot in the coming weeks since nothing hurts a party more than the charge of having been negligent in matters of security. Being accused of corruption is bad enough. But to be remiss where the stiffening of the military muscle is concerned is an unpardonable offence in the eyes of the average person.
Not surprisingly, the government's inveterate adversary, civil society activists led by Anna Hazare, have lost no time in jumping into the fray by siding with the army chief. Earlier, they had decided to resume their anti-corruption agitation with the holding of a token fast in New Delhi and the launching of a jail bharo - fill the jails - campaign in August if no FIRs are filed against 14 union ministers who are corrupt in their view.
Evidently, Team Anna has not been deterred by their inability to organise a similar campaign after the Mumbai fiasco last December when Anna's rally failed to draw a crowd.
However, irrespective of whether the movement fizzles out this time as well, or whether there is a ceasefire between the government and General Singh following Antony's expression of confidence in the three service chiefs, the Congress and the government will continue to be buffeted by allegations of sleaze and slackness.
If the opposition hadn't been in such disarray - the BJP embroiled in factionalism, the regional parties cloistered in their local ghettos, the Left in a limbo - it would have been nearly impossible for the government to get off the mat. Even now, the Congress' seat share in parliament and voting percentage are bound to fall in the next general election unless there are visible signs of an increase in military preparedness and the passage of an effective Lokpal bill to check corruption.
(31.03.2012 - Amulya Ganguli is a political analyst. He can be reached at amulyaganguli@gmail.com)
MIAMI --?Fashion, art, entertainment, and a terrific cause bringing stars from all walks of life together. The WrestleMania Premiere Party has it all.
And WWE.com is bringing all the excitement straight to you!?
Check back later for more details on the event, exclusive photos?and video interviews conducted by Natalya, our WWE.com red carpet hostess.?(RED CARPET PHOTOS?| ART AUCTION PHOTOS)
Grammy Award-winning artist Timbaland, NFL star Matt Forte, and many other celebrities are joining WWE Superstars and Divas on Miami Beach's Star Island for an unforgettable event that will benefit Alex's Place at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center. The 3,200-square-foot pediatric hematology-oncology clinic is set to open later this spring in Miami.
"When we can lend anything to the community, then it's a really great night," said Triple H.
Hosted by Timbaland and Miami philanthropist Stuart Miller, the benefit showcases works from local artists like Miguel Paredes and Art Rotondo, as well as fashion by celebrity designer Charlie Lapson. For the very first time, the event features a fashion show with WWE Divas Alicia Fox, Kelly Kelly, Eve and The Bellas modeling clothes from top designers in the Miami area.?Many fashion and art pieces are available for silent and live auction throughout the evening.
"It's an amazing opportunity for the Superstars and Divas to be here. I couldn't be more honored to be the WWE.com red carpet hostess of the event," Natalya said. "To use WWE as a platform to help kids with cancer is so rewarding. We put smiles on people's faces."
Superstars seemed eager to get in on the bidding as the party kicked off, with Kofi Kingston, Cody Rhodes and Alberto Del Rio saying they planned to participate in the auction.
"I brought my wallet and I'm ready to roll," said Rhodes, who added that he just bought a new place and needs art for it.
As for impressions on who the sharpest-dressed Superstar is? Natalya noted that Del Rio is "always dressed to kill."
Kingston, on the other hand, said his wife had to convince him not to wear spandex to the party, but did get a compliment from Natalya on how nice he looks in his suit.
One WWE legend didn't feel quite at home embracing his fashionable side.
"I'm going to concentrate on all the good we are doing tonight," said Mick Foley, admitting that he feels uncomfortable "stylistically" at red carpet events like this.
Members of the WWE Universe also are getting involved in the auction from afar, as they bid online on WWE-themed works of art, with net proceeds from the online auction benefiting children's oncology care at the Center. (ONLINE AUCTION DETAILS)
The star-studded party and charity auction is just one of the great activities driving WWE's commitment to give back to the Miami-Dade community throughout WrestleMania Week.
Curt Hawkins' tribute to WWE Hall of Fame inductee Edge is just one of the many art pieces on display.
NBC's Mark Murray and Domenico Montanaro discuss how Tuesday?s GOP primary in Wisconsin is shaping up to be Rick Santorum?s last chance, a more optimistic White House about the health-care law, and Newt Gingrich?s dwindling campaign.
Report presents designs for study of cancer risks near US nuclear facilitiesPublic release date: 29-Mar-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Jennifer Walsh news@nas.edu 202-334-2138 National Academy of Sciences
WASHINGTON -- A proposed study could help determine if there is a link between living near nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities and having a higher risk of cancer, but challenges and limitations exist, says a new report from the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering. The report recommends that a pilot study be completed first to evaluate the feasibility of a full-scale study, although the ultimate decision about whether to perform either would be the responsibility of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC), which sponsored the Research Council report.
The first phase of a two-phase project, the report identifies scientific approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks for populations near the 104 nuclear reactors and 13 fuel cycle facilities that the USNRC licenses across the U.S. as well as for people who have lived close to former sites. The USNRC requested the report because it has been using the results of a 1990 National Cancer Institute survey as its primary public resource about cancer risks near its nuclear facilities, and that study is now outdated and has limitations.
"Finding scientific evidence of whether people who live near nuclear facilities have a greater risk of developing cancer than those who live farther away is a challenge," said John Burris, chair of the committee that wrote the report and president of Burroughs Wellcome Fund in Research Triangle Park, N.C. "There are issues of whether scientists can get the information needed to carry out the study. For example, some state cancer registries have only recently attained quality data. Also, data may be insufficient to estimate the amount of radioactive material released from nuclear facilities, especially during early years of operations. This makes it much more difficult to determine risks from decades ago when radiation releases from nuclear facilities were larger."
The committee recommended two approaches to the cancer risk study, which could be carried out by the Research Council as the second phase of its project, should the USNRC decide to proceed. One approach would be to investigate rates of cancer occurrence and cancer deaths in small geographic areas within approximately a 30-mile radius of nuclear facilities. The different geographic areas should represent a range of potential exposures from radioactive material releases from the facilities, from the highest to essentially no exposure. Another would be to conduct a record-based, case-control study to assess the association of cancers in children less than 15 years old in relation to their mothers' residential proximity to a nuclear facility during pregnancy. Both approaches would have a sub-analysis focusing on leukemia, the cancer associated with radiation exposure in children.
The committee listed several challenges to carrying out the study, including uneven availability and quality of data on cancer mortality and incidence at geographic levels smaller than the county level and uneven availability of data on the amount of radiation released from nuclear facilities. There also may be limited information on population mobility and potential confounding factors, including exposure to cigarette smoke, access to health care, contact with toxic chemicals, and exposure to other sources of radiation such as from medical procedures like CT scans. The impact of these other possibly immeasurable factors on cancer incidence and mortality could overwhelm the expected effect from the releases of radiation from nuclear facilities. Moreover, the doses resulting from monitored and reported radioactive releases from nuclear facilities are expected to be low. Therefore the cancer risks, if any, are likely small. It is not certain whether a full-scale study would have sufficient statistical power to detect such small effects, if present.
Given these challenges, if the USNRC decides to move forward with the cancer risk study, the committee proposed a pilot study to verify whether the two recommended approaches could be conducted on a large scale and to help estimate the necessary time, costs, and resources. The committee suggested that the pilot study focus on six nuclear power plants and one fuel cycle facility that provide a broad representation of plant designs and operating histories: Dresden, Ill.; Millstone, Conn.; Oyster Creek, N.J.; Haddam Neck, Conn.; Big Rock Point, Mich.; San Onofre, Calif.; and Nuclear Fuel Services, Tenn.
If such a study goes forward, it is essential that the USNRC communicate with and involve the public and other stakeholders in order to broaden acceptance of the results, the report stresses. A plan for stakeholder engagement should be developed prior to the initiation of data gathering and analysis, and it should include processes to identify key stakeholders, assess their perceptions and concerns, communicate the questions that the study would address and its strengths and limitations, and make the data used in the study publicly accessible to the extent possible.
###
The study was sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council make up the National Academies. They are independent, nonprofit institutions that provide science, technology, and health policy advice under an 1863 congressional charter. Panel members, who serve pro bono as volunteers, are chosen by the Academies for each study based on their expertise and experience and must satisfy the Academies' conflict-of-interest standards. The resulting consensus reports undergo external peer review before completion. For more information, visit http://national-academies.org/studycommitteprocess.pdf. A committee roster follows.
CONTACTS:
Jennifer Walsh, Media Relations Officer
Luwam Yeibio, Media Relations Assistant
Office of News and Public Information
202-334-2138; e-mail news@nas.edu
Pre-publication copies of ANALYSIS OF CANCER RISKS IN POPULATIONS NEAR NUCLEAR FACILITIES: PHASE 1 is available from the National Academies Press; tel. 202-334-3313 or 1-800-624-6242 or on the Internet at http://www.nap.edu. Reporters may obtain a copy from the Office of News and Public Information (contacts listed above).
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Division on Earth and Life Studies
Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board
Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1
John E. Burris (chair)
President
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
John C. Bailar III1
Professor Emeritus
Department of Health Studies
University of Chicago (retired)
Washington, D.C.
Harold L. Beck
Director
Environmental Measurements Laboratory
U.S. Department of Energy (retired)
New York City
Andre Bouville
Senior Radiation Physicist
Radiation Epidemiology Branch
National Cancer Institute (retired)
Bethesda, Md.
Phaedra S. Corso
Head
Department of Health Policy and Management
College of Public Health
University of Georgia
Athens
Patricia J. Culligan
Professor
Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics
Columbia University
New York City
Paul M. DeLuca Jr.
Professor, and
Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs
Department of Medical Physics
University of Wisconsin
Madison
Raymond A. Guilmette
Director
Center for Countermeasures Against Radiation
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
Albuquerque, N.M.
George M. Hornberger2
Director
Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment,
Nashville, Tenn.
Margaret R. Karagas
Head Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Dartmouth College
Lebanon, N.H.
Roger E. Kasperson3
Research Professor and Distinguished Scientist
The George Perkins Marsh Institute
Clark University (retired)
Washington, D.C.
James E. Klaunig
Professor and Director
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Indiana University
Bloomington
Timothy Mousseau
Professor of Biological Sciences
University of South Carolina
Columbia
Sharon Murphy
Founding Director
Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute
University of Texas Health Science Center (retired)
Washington, D.C.
Roy E. Shore
Vice Chairman and Chief of Research
Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Hiroshima
Japan
Daniel O. Stram
Professor
Department of Preventive Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles
Margot Tirmarche
Head
Ionizing Radiation Epidemiology Laboratory
Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Lance A. Waller
Professor
Department of Biostatistics
Rollins School of Public Health
Emory University
Atlanta
Gayle E. Woloschak
Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Northwestern University
Chicago
Jeffrey J. Wong
Deputy Director
Office of Pollution Prevention and Technology Development
Department of Toxic Substances Control
California Environmental Protection Agency
Sacramento
RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
Kevin Crowley
Study Director
1 Member, Institute of Medicine
2 Member, National Academy of Engineering
3 Member, National Academy of Sciences
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Report presents designs for study of cancer risks near US nuclear facilitiesPublic release date: 29-Mar-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Jennifer Walsh news@nas.edu 202-334-2138 National Academy of Sciences
WASHINGTON -- A proposed study could help determine if there is a link between living near nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities and having a higher risk of cancer, but challenges and limitations exist, says a new report from the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering. The report recommends that a pilot study be completed first to evaluate the feasibility of a full-scale study, although the ultimate decision about whether to perform either would be the responsibility of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC), which sponsored the Research Council report.
The first phase of a two-phase project, the report identifies scientific approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks for populations near the 104 nuclear reactors and 13 fuel cycle facilities that the USNRC licenses across the U.S. as well as for people who have lived close to former sites. The USNRC requested the report because it has been using the results of a 1990 National Cancer Institute survey as its primary public resource about cancer risks near its nuclear facilities, and that study is now outdated and has limitations.
"Finding scientific evidence of whether people who live near nuclear facilities have a greater risk of developing cancer than those who live farther away is a challenge," said John Burris, chair of the committee that wrote the report and president of Burroughs Wellcome Fund in Research Triangle Park, N.C. "There are issues of whether scientists can get the information needed to carry out the study. For example, some state cancer registries have only recently attained quality data. Also, data may be insufficient to estimate the amount of radioactive material released from nuclear facilities, especially during early years of operations. This makes it much more difficult to determine risks from decades ago when radiation releases from nuclear facilities were larger."
The committee recommended two approaches to the cancer risk study, which could be carried out by the Research Council as the second phase of its project, should the USNRC decide to proceed. One approach would be to investigate rates of cancer occurrence and cancer deaths in small geographic areas within approximately a 30-mile radius of nuclear facilities. The different geographic areas should represent a range of potential exposures from radioactive material releases from the facilities, from the highest to essentially no exposure. Another would be to conduct a record-based, case-control study to assess the association of cancers in children less than 15 years old in relation to their mothers' residential proximity to a nuclear facility during pregnancy. Both approaches would have a sub-analysis focusing on leukemia, the cancer associated with radiation exposure in children.
The committee listed several challenges to carrying out the study, including uneven availability and quality of data on cancer mortality and incidence at geographic levels smaller than the county level and uneven availability of data on the amount of radiation released from nuclear facilities. There also may be limited information on population mobility and potential confounding factors, including exposure to cigarette smoke, access to health care, contact with toxic chemicals, and exposure to other sources of radiation such as from medical procedures like CT scans. The impact of these other possibly immeasurable factors on cancer incidence and mortality could overwhelm the expected effect from the releases of radiation from nuclear facilities. Moreover, the doses resulting from monitored and reported radioactive releases from nuclear facilities are expected to be low. Therefore the cancer risks, if any, are likely small. It is not certain whether a full-scale study would have sufficient statistical power to detect such small effects, if present.
Given these challenges, if the USNRC decides to move forward with the cancer risk study, the committee proposed a pilot study to verify whether the two recommended approaches could be conducted on a large scale and to help estimate the necessary time, costs, and resources. The committee suggested that the pilot study focus on six nuclear power plants and one fuel cycle facility that provide a broad representation of plant designs and operating histories: Dresden, Ill.; Millstone, Conn.; Oyster Creek, N.J.; Haddam Neck, Conn.; Big Rock Point, Mich.; San Onofre, Calif.; and Nuclear Fuel Services, Tenn.
If such a study goes forward, it is essential that the USNRC communicate with and involve the public and other stakeholders in order to broaden acceptance of the results, the report stresses. A plan for stakeholder engagement should be developed prior to the initiation of data gathering and analysis, and it should include processes to identify key stakeholders, assess their perceptions and concerns, communicate the questions that the study would address and its strengths and limitations, and make the data used in the study publicly accessible to the extent possible.
###
The study was sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council make up the National Academies. They are independent, nonprofit institutions that provide science, technology, and health policy advice under an 1863 congressional charter. Panel members, who serve pro bono as volunteers, are chosen by the Academies for each study based on their expertise and experience and must satisfy the Academies' conflict-of-interest standards. The resulting consensus reports undergo external peer review before completion. For more information, visit http://national-academies.org/studycommitteprocess.pdf. A committee roster follows.
CONTACTS:
Jennifer Walsh, Media Relations Officer
Luwam Yeibio, Media Relations Assistant
Office of News and Public Information
202-334-2138; e-mail news@nas.edu
Pre-publication copies of ANALYSIS OF CANCER RISKS IN POPULATIONS NEAR NUCLEAR FACILITIES: PHASE 1 is available from the National Academies Press; tel. 202-334-3313 or 1-800-624-6242 or on the Internet at http://www.nap.edu. Reporters may obtain a copy from the Office of News and Public Information (contacts listed above).
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Division on Earth and Life Studies
Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board
Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1
John E. Burris (chair)
President
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
John C. Bailar III1
Professor Emeritus
Department of Health Studies
University of Chicago (retired)
Washington, D.C.
Harold L. Beck
Director
Environmental Measurements Laboratory
U.S. Department of Energy (retired)
New York City
Andre Bouville
Senior Radiation Physicist
Radiation Epidemiology Branch
National Cancer Institute (retired)
Bethesda, Md.
Phaedra S. Corso
Head
Department of Health Policy and Management
College of Public Health
University of Georgia
Athens
Patricia J. Culligan
Professor
Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics
Columbia University
New York City
Paul M. DeLuca Jr.
Professor, and
Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs
Department of Medical Physics
University of Wisconsin
Madison
Raymond A. Guilmette
Director
Center for Countermeasures Against Radiation
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
Albuquerque, N.M.
George M. Hornberger2
Director
Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment,
Nashville, Tenn.
Margaret R. Karagas
Head Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Dartmouth College
Lebanon, N.H.
Roger E. Kasperson3
Research Professor and Distinguished Scientist
The George Perkins Marsh Institute
Clark University (retired)
Washington, D.C.
James E. Klaunig
Professor and Director
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Indiana University
Bloomington
Timothy Mousseau
Professor of Biological Sciences
University of South Carolina
Columbia
Sharon Murphy
Founding Director
Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute
University of Texas Health Science Center (retired)
Washington, D.C.
Roy E. Shore
Vice Chairman and Chief of Research
Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Hiroshima
Japan
Daniel O. Stram
Professor
Department of Preventive Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles
Margot Tirmarche
Head
Ionizing Radiation Epidemiology Laboratory
Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Lance A. Waller
Professor
Department of Biostatistics
Rollins School of Public Health
Emory University
Atlanta
Gayle E. Woloschak
Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Northwestern University
Chicago
Jeffrey J. Wong
Deputy Director
Office of Pollution Prevention and Technology Development
Department of Toxic Substances Control
California Environmental Protection Agency
Sacramento
RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
Kevin Crowley
Study Director
1 Member, Institute of Medicine
2 Member, National Academy of Engineering
3 Member, National Academy of Sciences
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It is official Lindsay Lohan is done with probation after five years of legal woes. Yep the day has come and she is officially free but will her freedom last? Judge Stephanie Sautner signed off on Lilo?s probation but that doesn?t mean that things are all roses for the actress. Although her formal probation for her 2007 DUI is dunzo, her jewelry theft case probation has gone from formal to informal. Basically what that means is she will no longer have to check in with a probation officer nor will her every move have to be monitored with a tracking device and no more court progress hearings. All she simply has to do is obey the laws until 2014 and then the jewelry case will be a thing of her past. Before letting Lohan go Judge Saunter did give her not a lecture but more like some advice ?Live your life in a more mature way, stop the nightclubbing and focus on your work, OK?”. Doesn?t sound like too bad of advice to me and for her part the Hollywood starlet ?”I just want to say thank you, Your Honor, for being fair, and it’s really opened a lot of [...]
After a marathon day of really solid startup pitches, it's officially a wrap for Y Combinator's Winter 2012 demo day held at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California. We've been here since the beginning, with coverage of all the startup pitches across the five demo sessions that were marked as "on the record" and ready for publicity. The fifth round of YC companies today had a wide-range of specialties -- from bringing families closer together, to tools for mobile app developers, to letting women swap dresses online. In case you missed our earlier dispatches, you can find our previous coverage of session one, session two, session three, and session four.
Zothecula writes with news involving space and lasers. From the article: "A collision between Earth and an asteroid a few kilometers in diameter would release as much energy as the simultaneous detonation of several million nuclear bombs, and with the impact of an asteroid estimated at around 10 km (6.2 miles) in diameter believed to be responsible for wiping out the dinosaurs, numerous strategies have been devised to try and avoid such devastation. The latest idea comes from engineers at Glasgow's University of Strathclyde who suggest that a swarm of laser-wielding satellites could nudge Earth-bound asteroids off their collision course."
ScienceDaily (Mar. 28, 2012) ? A new result from ESO's HARPS planet finder shows that rocky planets not much bigger than Earth are very common in the habitable zones around faint red stars. The international team estimates that there are tens of billions of such planets in the Milky Way galaxy alone, and probably about one hundred in the Sun's immediate neighbourhood. This is the first direct measurement of the frequency of super-Earths around red dwarfs, which account for 80% of the stars in the Milky Way.
This first direct estimate of the number of light planets around red dwarf stars has just been announced by an international team using observations with the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6-metre telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile [1]. A recent announcement, showing that planets are ubiquitous in our galaxy used a different method that was not sensitive to this important class of exoplanets.
The HARPS team has been searching for exoplanets orbiting the most common kind of star in the Milky Way -- red dwarf stars (also known as M dwarfs [2]). These stars are faint and cool compared to the Sun, but very common and long-lived, and therefore account for 80% of all the stars in the Milky Way.
"Our new observations with HARPS mean that about 40% of all red dwarf stars have a super-Earth orbiting in the habitable zone where liquid water can exist on the surface of the planet," says Xavier Bonfils (IPAG, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble, France), the leader of the team. "Because red dwarfs are so common -- there are about 160 billion of them in the Milky Way -- this leads us to the astonishing result that there are tens of billions of these planets in our galaxy alone."
The HARPS team surveyed a carefully chosen sample of 102 red dwarf stars in the southern skies over a six-year period. A total of nine super-Earths (planets with masses between one and ten times that of Earth) were found, including two inside the habitable zones of Gliese 581 and Gliese 667 C respectively. The astronomers could estimate how heavy the planets were and how far from their stars they orbited.
By combining all the data, including observations of stars that did not have planets, and looking at the fraction of existing planets that could be discovered, the team has been able to work out how common different sorts of planets are around red dwarfs. They find that the frequency of occurrence of super-Earths [3] in the habitable zone is 41% with a range from 28% to 95%.
On the other hand, more massive planets, similar to Jupiter and Saturn in our Solar System, are found to be rare around red dwarfs. Less than 12% of red dwarfs are expected to have giant planets (with masses between 100 and 1000 times that of Earth).
As there are many red dwarf stars close to the Sun the new estimate means that there are probably about one hundred super-Earth planets in the habitable zones around stars in the neighbourhood of the Sun at distances less than about 30 light-years [4].
"The habitable zone around a red dwarf, where the temperature is suitable for liquid water to exist on the surface, is much closer to the star than the Earth is to the Sun," says St?phane Udry (Geneva Observatory and member of the team). "But red dwarfs are known to be subject to stellar eruptions or flares, which may bathe the planet in X-rays or ultraviolet radiation, and which may make life there less likely."
One of the planets discovered in the HARPS survey of red dwarfs is Gliese 667 Cc [5]. This is the second planet in this triple star system and seems to be situated close to the centre of the habitable zone. Although this planet is more than four times heavier than Earth it is the closest twin to Earth found so far and almost certainly has the right conditions for the existence of liquid water on its surface. This is the second super-Earth planet inside the habitable zone of a red dwarf discovered during this HARPS survey, after Gliese 581d was announced in 2007 and confirmed in 2009.
"Now that we know that there are many super-Earths around nearby red dwarfs we need to identify more of them using both HARPS and future instruments. Some of these planets are expected to pass in front of their parent star as they orbit -- this will open up the exciting possibility of studying the planet's atmosphere and searching for signs of life," concludes Xavier Delfosse, another member of the team (eso1210).
Notes
[1] HARPS measures the radial velocity of a star with extraordinary precision. A planet in orbit around a star causes the star to regularly move towards and away from a distant observer on Earth. Due to the Doppler effect, this radial velocity change induces a shift of the star's spectrum towards longer wavelengths as it moves away (called a redshift) and a blueshift (towards shorter wavelengths) as it approaches. This tiny shift of the star's spectrum can be measured with a high-precision spectrograph such as HARPS and used to infer the presence of a planet.
[2] These stars are called M dwarfs because they have the spectral class M. This is the coolest of the seven classes in the simplest scheme for classifying stars accordingly to decreasing temperature and the appearance of their spectra.
[3] Planets with a mass between one and ten times that of Earth are called super-Earths. There are no such planets in our Solar System, but they appear to be very common around other stars. Discoveries of such planets in the habitable zones around their stars are very exciting because -- if the planet were rocky and had water, like Earth -- they could potentially be an abode of life.
[4] The astronomers used ten parsecs as their definition of "close." This corresponds to about 32.6 light-years.
[5] The name means that the planet is the second discovered (c) orbiting the third component (C) of the triple star system called Gliese 667. The bright stellar companions Gliese 667 A and B would be prominent in the skies of Gliese 667 Cc. The discovery of Gliese 667 Cc was independently announced by Guillem Anglada-Escude and colleagues in February 2012, roughly two months after the electronic preprint of the Bonfils et al. paper went online. This confirmation of the planets Gliese 667 Cb and Cc by Anglada-Escude and collaborators was largely based on HARPS observations and data processing of the European team that were made publicly available through the ESO archive.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by European Southern Observatory (ESO).
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Bonfils et al. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2012 (in press) [link]
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Emergency workers tend to a JetBlue captain that had a "medical situation" during a Las Vegas-bound flight from JFK International airport, Tuesday, March 27, 2012, in Amarillo, Texas. Passengers said the pilot screamed that Iraq or Afghanistan had planted a bomb on the flight, was locked out of the cockpit, and then tackled and restrained by passengers. The pilot who subsequently took command of the aircraft elected to land in Amarillo at about 10 a.m., JetBlue Airways said in a statement. (AP Photo/Steve Douglas)
Emergency workers tend to a JetBlue captain that had a "medical situation" during a Las Vegas-bound flight from JFK International airport, Tuesday, March 27, 2012, in Amarillo, Texas. Passengers said the pilot screamed that Iraq or Afghanistan had planted a bomb on the flight, was locked out of the cockpit, and then tackled and restrained by passengers. The pilot who subsequently took command of the aircraft elected to land in Amarillo at about 10 a.m., JetBlue Airways said in a statement. (AP Photo/Steve Douglas)
Emergency workers tend to a JetBlue captain that had a "medical situation" during a Las Vegas-bound flight from JFK International airport, Tuesday, March 27, 2012, in Amarillo, Texas. Passengers said the pilot screamed that Iraq or Afghanistan had planted a bomb on the flight, was locked out of the cockpit, and then tackled and restrained by passengers. The pilot who subsequently took command of the aircraft elected to land in Amarillo at about 10 a.m., JetBlue Airways said in a statement. (AP Photo/Steve Douglas)
Officials remove baggage from JetBlue flight 191 and begin searching for explosives at Amarillo Rick Husband International Airport in Amarillo, Texas, Tuesday, March 27, 2012 after an unruly pilot caused the flight to make an emergency landing. A JetBlue flight bound for Las Vegas landed unexpectedly in Texas on Tuesday after the captain was taken ill, the airline said. A passenger said a man she and other passengers believed was the captain began yelling about a bomb and had to be restrained. (AP Photo/The Amarillo Globe News, Michael Schumacher)
JetBlue passenger Gabreil Schonzeit describes the chaos aboard flight 191 after an emergency landing at Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport in Amarillo, Texas, Tuesday, March 27, 2012, when an unruly pilot caused the Las Vegas-bound flight to be diverted. Passengers said the pilot screamed that Iraq or Afghanistan had planted a bomb on the flight, was locked out of the cockpit, and then tackled and restrained by passengers. The pilot who subsequently took command of the aircraft elected to land in Amarillo at about 10 a.m., JetBlue Airways said in a statement. (AP Photo/The Amarillo Globe News, Michael Schumacher)
Passengers depart from JetBlue flight 191 at Amarillo Rick Husband International Airport in Amarillo, Texas, Tuesday, March 27, 2012 after an unruly pilot caused the flight to make an emergency landing. Passengers said the pilot screamed that Iraq or Afghanistan had planted a bomb on the flight, was locked out of the cockpit, and then tackled and restrained by passengers. The pilot who subsequently took command of the aircraft elected to land in Amarillo at about 10 a.m., JetBlue Airways said in a statement. (AP Photo/The Amarillo Globe News, Michael Schumacher)
LAS VEGAS (AP) ? Screaming "They're going to take us down!" a JetBlue pilot stormed through his plane rambling about a bomb and threats from Iraq Tuesday until passengers on the Las Vegas-bound flight tackled him to the ground just outside the cockpit, passengers said.
The captain of JetBlue Airways Flight 191 from New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport was taken to a hospital after suffering a "medical situation" on board that forced the co-pilot to take over the plane and land it in Amarillo, Texas, the airline said.
The unidentified pilot seemed disoriented, jittery and constantly sipped water when he first marched through the cabin, then began to rant about threats linked to Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan after crew members tried to calm him down in the back, passengers said.
"They're going to take us down. They're taking us down. They're going to take us down. Say the Lord's prayer. Say the Lord's prayer," the captain screamed, according to passenger Tony Antolino.
Josh Redick, who was sitting near the middle of the plane, said the captain seemed "irate" and was "spouting off about Afghanistan and souls and al-Qaida."
The outburst came weeks after an American Airlines flight attendant was taken off a plane for rambling about 9/11 and her fears the plane would crash. An aviation expert remembered only two or three cases in 40 years where a pilot had become mentally incapacitated during a flight.
Gabriel Schonzeit, who was sitting in the third row, said the captain said there could be a bomb on board the flight.
"He started screaming about al-Qaida and possibly a bomb on the plane and Iraq and Iran and about how we were all going down," Schonzeit told the Amarillo Globe-News.
The captain was tackled by several passengers after he tried to re-enter the cockpit, which had been locked by the co-pilot, the Federal Aviation Administration said in a statement.
Antolino, a security executive who said he sat in the 10th row, said he and three others pinned down the captain as he ran for the cockpit door and sat on him for about 20 minutes until the plane landed at Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport at 10 a.m.
"A group of us just jumped up instinctually and grabbed him and put him to the ground," Antolino said after arriving in Las Vegas later Tuesday. "Clearly he had an emotional or mental type of breakdown."
An off-duty airline captain who was a passenger on the flight entered the flight deck before landing in Amarillo and took over the duties of the ill captain, the airline said in a statement.
The captain was taken to a local medical facility after the plane landed, the airline said without elaborating.
Shane Helton, 39, of Quinlan, Okla., said he saw emergency and security personnel coming on and off the plane as it sat on the tarmac in Amarillo.
"They pulled one guy out on a stretcher and put him in an ambulance," said Helton, who went to the airport with his fiancee to see one of her sons off as he joined the Navy.
Authorities interviewed each of the passengers once they had landed and left the plane, said 22-year-old passenger Grant Heppes, of New York City.
"I had no idea it was an employee until it really started happening," Heppes said. "I just assumed it was a passenger who flipped out."
The FBI was coordinating an investigation with the airport police, Amarillo police, the FAA and the Transportation Safety Administration, said agency spokeswoman Lydia Maese in Dallas. She declined to comment on arrests.
The flight left New York around 7 a.m. and was in the air for 3 ? hours before landing in Texas. The passengers boarded another plane for Las Vegas several hours later. That plane arrived in Las Vegas about two hours later.
John Cox, an aviation safety consultant and former airline pilot, said incidents in which pilots become mentally incapacitated during a flight are "pretty rare." He said he could only recall two or three other examples in the more than 40 years he has been following commercial aviation.
Airlines and the FAA strongly encourage pilots to assert themselves if they think safety is being jeopardized, even if it means contradicting a captain's orders, Cox said. Aviation safety experts have studied several cases where first officers deferred to more experienced captains with tragic results.
Unruly pilots and crew have disrupted flights in the past.
Earlier this month, an American Airlines flight attendant took over the public-address system on a flight bound for Chicago and spoke for 15 minutes about Sept. 11 and the safety of their plane, saying "I'm not responsible for this plane crashing," several passengers said.
Passengers wrestled the flight attendant into a seat while the plane was grounded at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport; the flight attendant was hospitalized.
In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from a Toronto-to-London flight, restrained and sedated after having a mental breakdown on a flight. A flight attendant with flying experience helped the pilot safely make an emergency landing in Ireland, and none of the 146 passengers and nine crew members on board was injured.
In August 2010, JetBlue flight attendant Steven Slater pulled the emergency chute on a flight from Pittsburgh after it landed at John F. Kennedy International Airport. He went on the public-address system, swore at a passenger, grabbed a beer and slid down the tarmac.
He was sentenced to probation, counseling and substance abuse treatment for attempted criminal mischief.
The FAA is likely to review the unidentified captain's medical certificate ? essentially a seal of approval that the pilot is healthy. All pilots working for scheduled airlines must have a first-class medical certificate. The certificates must be renewed every six months to a year, depending on the pilot's age.
To receive the certificate, the pilot must receive a physical examination by an FAA-designated medical examiner that includes questions about pilot's psychological condition. Pilots are required to disclose all physical and psychological conditions and medications.
___
Blaney reported from Lubbock, Texas. Associated Press writers Samantha Bomkamp in New York and Joan Lowy in Washington, D.C., contributed to this report.
ScienceDaily (Mar. 26, 2012) ? Researchers have devised a nanoscale sensor to electronically read the sequence of a single DNA molecule, a technique that is fast and inexpensive and could make DNA sequencing widely available.
The technique could lead to affordable personalized medicine, potentially revealing predispositions for afflictions such as cancer, diabetes or addiction.
"There is a clear path to a workable, easily produced sequencing platform," said Jens Gundlach, a University of Washington physics professor who leads the research team. "We augmented a protein nanopore we developed for this purpose with a molecular motor that moves a DNA strand through the pore a nucleotide at a time."
The researchers previously reported creating the nanopore by genetically engineering a protein pore from a mycobacterium. The nanopore, from Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A, has an opening 1 billionth of a meter in size, just large enough for a single DNA strand to pass through.
To make it work as a reader, the nanopore was placed in a membrane surrounded by potassium-chloride solution, with a small voltage applied to create an ion current flowing through the nanopore. The electrical signature changes depending on the type of nucleotide traveling through the nanopore. Each type of DNA nucleotide -- cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine -- produces a distinctive signature.
The researchers attached a molecular motor, taken from an enzyme associated with replication of a virus, to pull the DNA strand through the nanopore reader. The motor was first used in a similar effort by researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz, but they used a different pore that could not distinguish the different nucleotide types.
Gundlach is the corresponding author of a paper published online March 25 by Nature Biotechnology that reports a successful demonstration of the new technique using six different strands of DNA. The results corresponded to the already known DNA sequence of the strands, which had readable regions 42 to 53 nucleotides long.
"The motor pulls the strand through the pore at a manageable speed of tens of milliseconds per nucleotide, which is slow enough to be able to read the current signal," Gundlach said.
Gundlach said the nanopore technique also can be used to identify how DNA is modified in a given individual. Such modifications, referred to as epigenetic DNA modifications, take place as chemical reactions within cells and are underlying causes of various conditions.
"Epigenetic modifications are rather important for things like cancer," he said. Being able to provide DNA sequencing that can identify epigenetic changes "is one of the charms of the nanopore sequencing method."
Coauthors of the Nature Biotechnology paper are Elizabeth Manrao, Ian Derrington, Andrew Laszlo, Kyle Langford, Matthew Hopper and Nathaniel Gillgren of the UW, and Mikhail Pavlenok and Michael Niederweis of the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
The work was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute in a program designed to find a way to conduct individual DNA sequencing for less than $1,000. When that program began, Gundlach said, the cost of such sequencing was likely in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but "with techniques like this it might get down to a 10-dollar or 15-minute genome project. It's moving fast."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Washington, via Newswise. The original article was written by Vince Stricherz.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Elizabeth A Manrao, Ian M Derrington, Andrew H Laszlo, Kyle W Langford, Matthew K Hopper, Nathaniel Gillgren, Mikhail Pavlenok, Michael Niederweis, Jens H Gundlach. Reading DNA at single-nucleotide resolution with a mutant MspA nanopore and phi29 DNA polymerase. Nature Biotechnology, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2171
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Trayvon Martin ; What is the towing coverage under car insurance. Give me just a summary.
Towing coverage under car insurance
Response : Trayvon, pal I do tend to write long post but am keeping this short and to the point for you.
If you?ve ever found yourself alone in the car in the middle of nowhere, and you?ve thought about just how scary it would be if your vehicle broke down and stranded you there ? then you?ll understand why towing coverage is such an important part of a US auto insurance policy. Even if you?re only 30 miles or so out of the nearest town, once you?ve called a tow truck you?ll be looking at an easy $200+ to get your car back to a repair facility. That?s because the tow truck operator has an expensive vehicle to pay for, a skilled workman to compensate and a profit to earn.
Towing coverage is a relatively inexpensive part of an auto insurance policy in the US, it?s just a few dollars a month and in an emergency it can make all the difference in the world. Normally your insurer will give you a number for a central service, that you can call from your cellphone and access round the clock support to find a local tow truck operator who can come and rescue you and your vehicle quickly and easily.
You?ll need to take a close look at your insurance policy to determine just what your towing coverage applies to. In some cases it may cover all possible eventualities, such as lost keys, being locked out of your vehicle, running out of fuel, or tire blowouts as well as major accidents and incidents. In other cases it may be limited to major emergencies only ? so you?ll want to dig into the specifics of what your coverage is exactly, and if you find that the coverage you currently have for towing your vehicle is inadequate to your perceived needs ? then you should contact your insurance agent or insurance broker immediately to arrange additional cover.
One particular item of towing coverage to consider is how far the maximum towing distance permitted under the policy is. If you normally only drive in the city then a short distance might be just fine, but if you regularly make longer journeys you could sometimes find yourself over 100 miles from a towing station and a short distance towing coverage will require you to pay for all the extra mileage yourself. If you don?t want to end up stuck in the middle of nowhere with a broken down vehicle it pays to get towing coverage.
Get your towing coverage and also cheap car insurance- get your cheap teen car insurance quote here- just do it.
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The US Geological Survey suggests a small quake under Clintonville, Wis., and associated micro-tremors, could be the source of the mysterious sonic booms. Not everyone buys that.
The mystery to what is keeping residents of Clintonville, Wis., awake at night is solved. Sort of.
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The US Geological Survey reported Thursday that a 1.5-magnitude earthquake jiggled the area in northeast Wisconsin at 12:15 a.m. Tuesday, which the agency said would be enough to set off the sounds described as underground fireworks or thunder by many of the city?s 4,500 residents.
Despite its low magnitude, it is not uncommon that earthquakes of its size are heard in addition to being felt, says USGS Geophysicist John Bellini in Golden, Colo. All earthquakes generate seismic energy that can move through the earth?s surface at thousands of miles per hour, creating a loud boom.
Mr. Bellini says the earthquake is responsible for a single boom that lasted one or two seconds, making it likely that the series of booms heard over several days in Clintonville were caused by a series of smaller earthquakes than the one recorded.
?We can assume that there were others that were smaller than this one,? he says.
Clintonville received international attention earlier this week when reports broke that many in the town were awoken by loud sonic booms coming from below the surface of the earth.
While the noises have subsided since they were first reported early Monday morning, many have continued each night through Thursday. Dozens of residents have complained that the sounds have triggered cracks in their walls and floors and are responsible for rattling dishes.
Public meetings were held Wednesday and Thursday to relay information to residents and take down their stories. The Clintonville city administrator, Lisa Kuss, said the earthquake explanation is not conclusive because ?in other places in the United States, a 1.5 earthquake would not be felt.?
On the other hand, Ms. Kuss added, one possibility that makes Clintonville an exception is that ?the type of rock that Wisconsin has transmits seismic energy very well.?
Steve Dutch, a geologist at the University of Wisconsin at Green Bay, agrees that it is ?certainly possible? that the underground noises are related to an earthquake, but says an earthquake of its magnitude would only produce noise ?equivalent to 10 pounds of high explosives.?
And because the sounds would take place at such a significant depth, Mr. Dutch adds, it is likely they ?would be muffled.?
?The fact that the people are hearing bangs and sharp noises at such high frequency suggests [the sounds] are really close to the surface,? he says.
One possibility he is proposing is that a dry winter is causing the earth?s underground water table to dry up, causing granite rocks to settle into the gaps, creating the loud noise.
On Thursday the city hired an engineering firm in Waukesha to study the earth?s surface at different points of the city. An online map hosted on the city?s website traces the locations of the emergency calls dating back to Monday. Dutch says he plans to plot the phone calls to create a map that may determine patterns in where and when the sounds took place.
Bellini of USGS says that, while it is uncommon for Wisconsin to get earthquakes, it is not unprecedented. The most powerful earthquake to hit the state was in 1947 when a 4.0-magnitude tremor affected over 3,000 square miles in the southwest region of the state.
The "Encrypt" option in the settings says that you have to lock your phone with a PIN or password before encrypting, and that the device will require this PIN or password every time you turn it on. Is it possible to encrypt with a password that will be required at turn on, but only lock the screen with a PIN (or not at all)?
A?strong password is important for encryption, but it's too cumbersome to type a password every time you unlock the screen.
Grammy Award-winning artist Timbaland, NFL star Matt Forte, and many other celebrities are joining WWE Superstars and Divas on Miami Beach's Star Island for an unforgettable event that will benefit Alex's Place at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center. The 3,200-square-foot pediatric hematology-oncology clinic is set to open later this spring in Miami.
"I brought my wallet and I'm ready to roll," said Rhodes, who added that he just bought a new place and needs art for it.
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Public release date: 29-Mar-2012
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After a marathon day of really solid startup pitches, it's officially a wrap for 